Toxicology – Page 3 – eMEDICAL BOOKS

Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing 1st ed

November 26, 2017

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This book provides comprehensive information on the alternative (non-animal) dermal toxicity test methods currently available for industrial, regulatory, and academic use and also explores potential future developments. It encompasses all areas of dermal toxicity, including skin irritation, skin corrosion, skin sensitization, UV-induced effects, and skin genotoxicity. An individual chapter is devoted to each test method, with coverage of the scientific basis, validation status and regulatory acceptance, applications and limitations, available protocols, and potential role within testing strategies. In addition, perspectives from the test developer are presented, for example regarding critical steps in the protocol, possible adaptations, and challenges and opportunities. The closing section addresses exploratory areas that may be of relevance for the future of dermal toxicity safety testing, including the validation and regulatory acceptance of integrated testing strategies, the use of alternative methods for infections and inflammatory diseases, novel complex skin models, and high-throughput screening techniques.

Dermal toxicity is an area in which alternatives to the use of animal testing have already gained scientific, industrial, and regulatory acceptance. Practitioners and researchers alike will find Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing to be an ideal source of reliable, up-to-date information on all aspects of the available test methods and likely future directions.

About the Author

Chantra Eskes, PhD, Eng, has around 20 years of experience in the development, optimization, and validation of alternative methods to animal testing. Her activities have contributed to the formal validation and regulatory acceptance of several test methods and to the development of a number of official international test guidelines. Dr. Eskes acts as a Nominated Expert and co-chair for the OECD in the areas of eye irritation/corrosion, skin irritation, skin corrosion, and skin sensitization. She is also President of the European Society of In Vitro Toxicology (ESTIV) and Executive Secretary of the Animal Cell Technology Industrial Platform (ACTIP). She is manager and consultant at SeCAM, a limited company that offers independent consultation and services on alternative methods for scientific, regulatory, and industrial tailored requirements. She is the editor, author, or co-author of more than 35 published scientific articles and book chapters and acts as a reviewer for sever

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Toxicology

Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics: Windows of Developmental Susceptibility in Reproduction and Cancer 1st Edition

November 14, 2017

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Translational toxicology aims to identify applicable therapeutics that can safely and effectively mitigate potential harm from natural as well as anthropogenic environmental exposures.

Written by leading research scientists, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics: Windows of Developmental Susceptibility in Reproduction and Cancer integrates toxicology and human health through coverage of environmental toxicants, genetic / epigenetic mechanisms, and carcinogenicity. The disciplines of toxicology and therapeutics are linked, relating toxicant exposure and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to human health and development. The chapters explain specific cellular and molecular targets of known toxicants and offer a systematic approach to identify mutagenic, reproductive, and developmental toxicants.

Coverage features discussion about cancer and mutation causes, toxicant exposures, gene-environment interactions, toxicant modes-of-action, and therapeutic strategies to reduce cancer risk. Readers can use this information to develop new animal models and tests to assess toxic impacts – specifically mutation and cancer – on human health.

About the Author

MICHAEL D. WATERS, PhD, is an independent consultant with over 40 years of toxicology and toxicogenomics research experience at the EPA, at NIH/NIEHS and in the private sector. He has held adjunct professorships in toxicology and pharmacology at both the University of North Carolina and Duke University.

CLAUDE L. HUGHES, MD, PhD, is an Executive Director in the Therapeutic Science and Strategy Unit at QuintilesIMS. He is also an Adjunct Professor at North Carolina State University, and Wake Forest University as well as a Consulting Professor at Duke University Medical Center.

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Toxicology

Toxic Trauma: A Basic Clinical Guide

November 10, 2017

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This book provides practical guidance to emergency personnel and others in the event of having to manage individual or mass chemical casualties as part of their work in a civilian ambulance service or hospital. The text considers the nature and basic science of the hazards faced as well as the practical management of persons exposed to chemicals and toxins (which although of biological origin behave as chemicals in terms of their effects and transmission).

Individual chapters cover the development and classification of chemical toxic agents, how exposure can occur and how medical personnel should be involved in its management . There is also consideration of the nature of toxic trauma and the pathophysiological processes involved, together with a systematic approach to early and continuing management supported by specific examples of incidents. This guide is a useful practical resource for emergency medical and paramedical personnel involved in the management of mass chemical casualties and with ensuring safe operating procedures within potentially contaminated areas to prevent secondary casualties from a chemical release.

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Bone Toxicology (Molecular and Integrative Toxicology) 1st ed. 2017 Edition

October 10, 2017

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The content of this book is intended to provide the toxicologist in drug development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with a broad understanding of bone and its interactions with other organ systems in safety assessments. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes our current understanding of bone biology and its primary regulatory pathways. Additional chapters address regulatory and study design considerations for incorporating bone end points in toxicology studies, with special consideration being given to juvenile toxicology studies. This is intended to address recent regulatory requirements to evaluate skeletal development for drugs in development for pediatric populations. The second part of the book describes the principal techniques and methods used in bone research; understanding how these end-points are derived is fundamental to their appropriate application. These first two parts of the book provide the background and the means to develop the concepts in part three which describes bone and its interaction with other organ systems. The unique series of chapters in part three, contributed to by key leaders in their respective fields and in bone research, provides a comprehensive collective work. Although constantly evolving, the crosstalk and interaction of the skeleton with several organ systems is now recognized and well documented, such as for the reproductive system, muscle and kidney, while our understanding of the interaction with other organ systems, such as the immune system and CNS, is in its infancy. Recent work highlights the key role of the skeleton in the regulation of energy metabolism and the impact this has on research in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The hope is that this book will enlighten many and encourage more to explore the impact of new compounds on the skeleton in the development of effective and safe drugs.

About the Author

Susan Y. Smith is a consultant who specializes in nonclinical muscoloskeletal research. She provides guidance for the conduct of pharmacology, efficacy or safety studies, or help with data interpretation to unravel the mysteries of skeletal evaluations. She received a Master of Science in Pharmacology at McGill University and later joined Charles River Laboratories for almost 18 years and where she became Senior Scientific Director of Musculoskeletal Research. She has over 30 years of experience in preclinical safety assessments and toxicology and over 20 years of expertise in bone research.

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Neurotoxicity of Metals (Advances in Neurobiology) 1st ed. 2017 Edition

September 15, 2017

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In this book, international authorities address contemporary research in metal neurotoxicity. Essential and non-essential metals play an important role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent developments in understanding the role of metals in the etiology of these disorders have led to rapid growth in clarifying the pathology of some of the most devastating diseases we face and in identifying potential new therapies. Few books or periodicals have been wholly dedicated to the topic of metals, and this collection is intended to serve as a resource for all researchers interested in metals and their role in health and disease.

About the Author

Michael Aschner is the Gray E. B. Stahlman Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine as well as a Senior Investigator at the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development. Dr Aschner’s research group has a particular interest in the neurobiology and physiology of astrocytes and the signaling mechanisms associated with central nervous system injury. Dr Aschner’s laboratory studies metal uptake and distribution in the brain, investigating the mechanisms of transport of methylmercury and manganese across the capillaries of the blood–brain barrier. His research utilizes various experimental models (C. elegans, tissue cultures and rodents) to understand the acute toxicity of manganese deposition in the brains of human neonates.

Lucio G. Costa is Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. Dr. Costa is a renowned neurotoxicologist whose research interests are focused on understanding the role of neurotoxic substances in neurodevelopmental disorders and other neurological, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Dr Costa’s research laboratory makes use of a variety of in vivo and in vitro cell culture systems, transgenic animal models and imaging techniques to study the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity.

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Computational Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology (Issues in Toxicology) Gld Edition

August 31, 2017

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The network approaches of systems pharmacology and toxicology serve as early predictors of the most relevant screening approach to pursue both in drug discovery and development and ecotoxicological assessments. Computational approaches have the potential to improve toxicological experimental design, enable more rapid drug efficacy and safety testing and also reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. Rapid advances in availability of computing technology hold tremendous promise for advancing applied and basic science and increasing the efficiency of risk assessment.
This book provides an understanding of the basic principles of computational toxicology and the current methods of predictive toxicology using chemical structures, toxicity-related databases, in silico chemical-protein docking, and biological pathway tools. The book begins with an introduction to systems pharmacology and toxicology and computational tools followed by a section exploring modelling adverse outcomes and events. The second part of the book covers the discovery of protein targets and the characterisation of toxicant-protein interactions. Final chapters include case studies and additionally discuss interactions between phytochemicals and Western therapeutics.
This book will be useful for scientists involved in environmental research and risk assessment. It will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers wishing to learn about key methods used in studying biological targets both from a toxicity and pharmacological activity standpoint.

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Metallomics: Recent Analytical Techniques and Applications 1st ed. 2017 Edition

August 29, 2017

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This book focuses on recent topics in metallomics, a study of the metallome, or metal-containing biomolecules. Metals can induce various physiological and toxicological effects in a very small amounts, in other words, the concentrations of biometals are very low in organisms. Thus, analytical techniques for a trace amount of metal are crucial to understand the biological and toxicological functions of metals.This volume begins with an overview of metallomics including the history and development of the field. Subsequent parts provide basic and advanced techniques for metallomics. Speciation and imaging of metals are basic approaches to reveal the function of the metallome. The applications of speciation using an HPLC hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) and flow cytometry ICP-MS are described. As advanced approaches, the applications using a micro-flow injection-ICP-MS, an ICP-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, an ICP-sector field mass spectrometer, and an ICP-multi-collector mass spectrometer are mentioned. For the imaging of metals, basic principles and applications of several techniques such as scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy and ICP-MS equipped with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) are presented. Speciation analyses using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are also introduced. The last part highlights the medical and pharmaceutical applications of metallomics. Molecular biological approaches to reveal the effects of toxic metals, metal functions in brain and neurodegenerative diseases, and metallodrugs are explained. The topic of metal transporters is also presented.

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Toxicology

Regulatory Toxicology

August 17, 2017

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Franz-Xaver Reichl studied Microbiology and Medicine in Munich, Germany. He is Head of the Department of Dental Toxicology at the Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, LMU Munich and Head of the International Advisory Centre for the toxicology and biocompatibility of dental materials. His field of research cover studies on cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and embryotoxic effects of chemical compounds (e.g. dental materials) in human and animal cells, abrasion of composites and elution of dental composite components during the chewing situation in the chewing simulator MUC/3 and in vitro- and in vivo studies on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of chemical compounds (e.g. dental materials). He also work on studies on the pathways and on the analysis of intermediates in the metabolism of dental composite components in biological systems and risk assessments of xenobiotics (e.g. dental materials). Michael Schwenk studied Biochemistry and Medicine in Tuebingen, Germany. He then qualifiedas a toxicologist and pharmacologist and worked in universities, industry and a health agency. He initially focused on experimental cell toxicology, but later shifted to the measurement of chemical residues in humans and to study the health effects of such exposures in different populations. He was active in various national regulatory committees, advised the colleagues of the public health service of Baden-Württemberg and received practical experience in all major areas of regulatory toxicology.

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Toxicology

Postmortem Toxicology of Abused Drugs 1st Edition

August 4, 2017

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Extracted from the Drug Abuse Handbook, 2^nd edition, to give you just the information you need at an affordable price.

Postmortem Toxicology of Abused Drugs considers the role of toxicology in the investigation of homicide, suicide, accident, natural death, and overdose. It gives practical insights and case reviews on conducting toxicology tests and completing toxicology reports. It explains chain of custody; specimen collection and security; sampling of blood, urine, bile, and vitreous humor; and the selection of post-mortem specimens. Analyzing various testing procedures, the book covers simple chemical tests, microdiffusion tests, chromatography, spectroscopy, and more. It also discusses methods and strategies for analysis; and covers quality assurance protocols and controls. To help avoid common pitfalls, the text demonstrates the proper interpretation of postmortem drug levels based on knowledge of pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacogenetics; post-mortem redistribution and diffusion; and other considerations such as synergistic toxicity, and drug instability. Heavily referenced and containing several tables, figures, and useful appendices, this book is a handy reference for forensic scientists and medical examiners involved with death investigation.

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Toxicology

Toxins and Drug Discovery (Toxinology) 1st ed. 2017 Edition

April 21, 2017

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This volume deals mainly with the specialized aspect of toxins and drug discovery. Man has been using natural resources especially plants to treat diseases from very early times in history of mankind. Although many drugs derived from plants and microbes have been discovered and being used in clinical practice, not many drugs have been developed from venoms and toxins although many laboratories worldwide are actively working on it. This volume describe some of the recent developments in this research area, such as snake venoms, conotoxins , bioinformatics in drug discovery from peptide toxins.

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